HOW
Developing and Implementing an Agroecological NBSAP
Mainstreaming agroecology in National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plans (NBSAPs) can help to achieve Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) national targets. This can be done by developing a specific national target for bringing agroecology to scale or by integrating agroecological perspectives across NBSAP national targets. Both approaches should include multiple intervention areas to ensure a holistic and impactful integration of agroecology within NBSAPs.
Agroecology Intervention Areas to Achieve GBF National Targets
GBF FRAMEWORK AND AGROECOLOGICAL INTERVENTION AREAS
- Agroecological farming: on-farm practices across soil, water and integrated pest management.
- Managing landscapes, territories, and conservation areas.
- Transitioning from agrochemicals to biological farming inputs and natural cycles.
- Nurturing diverse and local seeds and crops.
- Benefit-sharing from genetic resources and drawing on biocultural norms.
- Strengthening territorial markets for agroecological products.
- Applying non-market mechanisms for agroecological products.
- Creating value and recognition.
- Ensuring equitable access and rights to resources.
- Including and empowering underrepresented actors.
- Recognizing linkages between gender and biodiversity action.
- Integrating actions for biodiversity diets and food environments.
- Agroecological knowledge, transdisciplinary research, and co-development.
- Awareness, information sharing and communication.
While the alignment of agroecology within an NBSAP can accelerate transitions, success lies in implementation of the interventions.
Agroecology Intervention Areas to Achieve GBF National Targets
GBF FRAMEWORK AND AGROECOLOGICAL INTERVENTION AREAS
- Agroecological farming: on-farm practices across soil, water and integrated pest management.
- Managing landscapes, territories, and conservation areas.
- Transitioning from agrochemicals to biological farming inputs and natural cycles.
- Nurturing diverse and local seeds and crops.
- Benefit-sharing from genetic resources and drawing on biocultural norms.
- Strengthening territorial markets for agroecological products.
- Applying non-market mechanisms for agroecological products.
- Creating value and recognition.
- Ensuring equitable access and rights to resources.
- Including and empowering underrepresented actors.
- Recognizing linkages between gender and biodiversity action.
- Integrating actions for biodiversity diets and food environments.
- Agroecological knowledge, transdisciplinary research, and co-development.
- Awareness, information sharing and communication.
While the alignment of agroecology within an NBSAP can accelerate transitions, success lies in implementation of the interventions.
Cross-Cutting Levers to Support Design and Implementation
MEANS OF IMPLEMENTATION
Source: Authors.
Reducing threats to biodiversity
Interventions in this cluster aim to use agroecology to maintain, conserve, restore, and enhance the ecological and social processes that underpin ecosystem integrity, while mainstreaming biodiversity in food system practices. These interventions, as well as their contributions to GBF targets and alignment with the agroecological principles, include:
Agroecological farming: On-farm practices for soil, water, and integrated pest management
- Identify and apply agroecological and biodiversity-friendly agricultural practices in soil, water, and integrated pest management to enhance ecological function.
- Include agroecological practices in restoration and climate change adaptation plans.
- Promote soil health management (e.g., through cover cropping, crop rotation, composting, and reduced tillage) to improve soil organic matter, enhance soil biodiversity, and increase water infiltration and retention.
- Utilize agroecological practices to control the spread of invasive alien species, to conserve rare and endangered species on agricultural land and conserve genetic resources.
- Incorporate agroecological principles into watershed-management plans to protect water quality, reduce runoff and erosion, and enhance groundwater recharge.
GBF Targets ① ② ④ ⑦ ⑧ ⑩ ⑪ and Agroecology Principles ① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥
- T1. Plan and manage all areas to reduce biodiversity loss
- T2. Restore 30% of all degraded ecosystems
- T4. Halt species extinction, protect genetic diversity, and manage human–wildlife conflicts
- T7. Reduce pollution to levels that are not harmful to biodiversity
- T8. Minimize the impacts of climate change on biodiversity and build resilience
- T10. Enhance biodiversity and sustainability in agriculture, aquaculture, fisheries, and forestry
- T11. Restore, maintain, and enhance nature’s contributions to people
Agroecology Principles
- 1. Recycling
- 2. Input reduction
- 3. Soil health
- 4. Animal health
- 5. Biodiversity
- 6. Synergy
Managing landscapes, territories, and conservation areas
- Develop and/or strengthen policies to increase conservation of biodiverse, sensitive, and threatened agroecosystems at landscape level.
- Designate other effective area-based conservation measures (OECMs) outside protected areas that involve agroecological food production, ensuring collaborative co-design with local communities.
- Recognize Indigenous and local food systems in the territories and areas traditionally governed by Indigenous Peoples and local communities, such as Indigenous and Community Conserved Areas (ICCAs), and in biocultural protocols that utilize traditional and customary knowledge and use.
- Integrate agroecological areas into spatial planning and recognize their contribution to ecosystem functions and services.
GBF Targets ① ② ③ ④ ⑧ ⑩ ⑪ and Agroecology Principles ① ⑤ ⑥ ⑧ ⑨ ⑫ ⑬
GBF Targets
- T1. Plan and manage all areas to reduce biodiversity loss
- T2. Restore 30% of all degraded ecosystems
- T3. Conserve 30% of land, waters, and seas
- T4. Halt species extinction, protect genetic diversity, and manage human–wildlife conflicts
- T8. Minimize the impacts of climate change on biodiversity and build resilience
- T10. Enhance biodiversity and sustainability in agriculture, aquaculture, fisheries, and forestry
- T11. Restore, maintain, and enhance nature’s contributions to people
Agroecology Principles
- 1. Recycling
- 5. Biodiversity
- 6. Synergy
- 8. Co-creation of knowledge
- 9. Social value and diets
- 12. Land and natural resource governance
- 13. Participation
Transitioning from agrochemicals to biological farming inputs and natural cycles
- Develop and/or strengthen measures to phase out export, import, and use of hazardous and highly hazardous chemicals and pesticides in agriculture.
- Develop a high-quality biological input market for agroecology, ensuring its safety and efficacy.
- Develop fertilizing strategies based on biological alternatives that support soil fertility, biological activity, and plant growth by stimulating natural nutrient cycles to avoid dependence on chemical fertilizers.
GBF Targets ⑦ ⑩ ⑪ and Agroecology Principles ① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥
GBF Targets
- T7. Reduce pollution to levels that are not harmful to biodiversity
- T10. Enhance biodiversity and sustainability in agriculture, aquaculture, fisheries, and forestry
- T11. Restore, maintain, and enhance nature’s contributions to people
Agroecology Principles
- 1. Recycling
- 2. Input reduction
- 3. Soil health
- 4. Animal health
- 5. Biodiversity
- 6. Synergy
Additionally, interventions should look at:
- Models of conservation: Promote community-based conservation that aligns with agroecological principles in food-producing landscapes.
- Integration of scales: Think along wider spatial and temporal scales in planning and implementation.
- Equity: In line with both agroecological principles and the CBD, link area-based conservation to distributional, procedural, and recognitive equity.
- Agricultural productivity: Apply agroecology to improve productivity while reducing pressure on land, ecosystems, and ecosystem services.
- Scaling up and expansion: Promote a widespread adoption of agroecological practices by providing support for small-scale producers to transition from conventional farming methods, including support for research, extension, and subsidies.
For more information and resources see Chapter 4.1
Meeting people’s needs through sustainable use and benefit sharing
Interventions in this cluster aim to support farmers and food provisioners to conserve, nurture, and enhance biodiversity through utilization and ensuring fair and equitable sharing of benefits ensuing from their use. These interventions, as well as their contributions to GBF targets and alignment with the agroecological principles, include:
Nurturing diverse and local seeds and crops
- Promote locally adapted diversity within crop species (i.e., intra-varietal and intraspecific diversity) through in-situ conservation, community seed banks, farmer-led participatory research and recognition, and protection of local knowledge.
- Support and strengthen farmer-managed seed systems (FMSS) to ensure seeds stay under the control of farmers.
- Support the production and consumption of Indigenous, under-utilized, and native crops through policy incentives.
- Ensure agriculture policies reflect farmers’ rights related to seeds (as enshrined in the FAO Plant Treaty) and recognition of traditional knowledge of IPLCs (as enshrined in CBD Article 8j on traditional knowledge, in the Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-Sharing, and in the FAO Plant Treaty).
GBF Targets ④ ⑩ ⑪ ⑬ and Agroecology Principles ⑤ ⑥ ⑧ ⑨
GBF Targets
- T4. Halt species extinction, protect genetic diversity, and manage human–wildlife conflicts
- T10. Enhance biodiversity and sustainability in agriculture, aquaculture, fisheries, and forestry
- T11. Restore, maintain, and enhance nature’s contributions to people
- T13. Increase the Sharing of Benefits From Genetic Resources, Digital Sequence Information and Traditional Knowledge
Agroecology Principles
- 5. Biodiversity
- 6. Synergy
- 8. Co-creation of knowledge
- 9. Social value and diets
Benefit-sharing from genetic resources and drawing on biocultural norms
- Ensure full rights, access, and fair sharing of benefits of the utilization of genetic resources for agriculture to the communities who utilize and conserve agrobiodiversity, including policy and legal measures for the equitable sharing of benefits from commercialization or other applications.
- Utilize biocultural community protocols and customary use practices to uphold and recognize the traditional knowledge of Indigenous Peoples and local communities, and their conservation and use of wild and uncultivated foods.
GBF Targets ⑬ and Agroecology Principles ⑨ ⑩ ⑫ ⑬
GBF Targets
- T13. Increase the Sharing of Benefits From Genetic Resources, Digital Sequence Information and Traditional Knowledge
Agroecology Principles
- 9. Social value and diets
- 10. Fairness
- 12. Land and natural resource governance
- 13. Participation
Strengthening territorial markets for agroecological products
- Strengthen the connections between wholesale markets and traditional food markets and agroecological producers. Incentivize investment in the supporting infrastructure operations and logistics to better father, store, and trade agroecological products.
- Promote farmer-to-consumer practices such as Participatory Guarantee Systems (PGS) and Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) using agroecology to strengthen local food systems.
- Capitalize on new (low-cost) technologies for innovative marketing.
- Develop procurement programs using locally produced food for public institutions, as well as for other food assistance programs.
- Support and subsidize agroecological sourcing for food banks, community kitchens, and other food distribution programs.
GBF Targets ⑩ ⑪ ⑯ ⑱ ⑲ ⑳ and Agroecology Principles ⑦ ⑧ ⑨ ⑩ ⑪
GBF Targets
- T10. Enhance biodiversity and sustainability in agriculture, aquaculture, fisheries, and forestry
- T11. Restore, maintain, and enhance nature’s contributions to people
- T16. Enable Sustainable Consumption Choices To Reduce Waste and Overconsumption
- T18. Reduce Harmful Incentives by at Least $500 Billion per Year, and Scale Up Positive Incentives for Biodiversity
- T19. Mobilize $200 Billion per Year for Biodiversity From all Sources, Including $30 Billion Through International Finance
- T20. Strengthen Capacity-Building, Technology Transfer, and Scientific and Technical Cooperation for Biodiversity
Agroecology Principles
- 7. Economic diversification
- 8. Co-creation of knowledge
- 9. Social value and diets
- 10. Fairness
- 11. Connectivity
Creating value and recognition
- Support innovations that optimize local value-addition processes and entrepreneurship and are adapted to the local context.
- Promote impact investment in agroecology social enterprises by incentivizing the application of agroecological principles among private sector actors.
- Create bioregional designations that connect producers and consumers in a region or territory to safeguard and strengthen local food cultures, regional food systems, and circular economies.
- Develop biotrade initiatives in agroecologically produced high-value foods, both nationally and internationally, to increase farmer incomes and livelihoods.
GBF Targets ⑩ ⑮ ⑯ ㉑ and Agroecology Principles ⑦ ⑨ ⑩ ⑪
GBF Targets
- T10. Enhance biodiversity and sustainability in agriculture, aquaculture, fisheries, and forestry
- T15. Businesses Assess, Disclose and Reduce Biodiversity-Related Risks and Negative Impacts
- T16. Enable Sustainable Consumption Choices To Reduce Waste and Overconsumption
- T21. Ensure That Knowledge Is Available and Accessible To Guide Biodiversity Action
Agroecology Principles
- 7. Economic diversification
- 9. Social value and diets
- 10. Fairness
- 11. Connectivity
Additionally, interventions should look at:
- In-situ conservation: Emphasize “conservation through use” as crucial for agroecological transition. When biodiversity is sustainably utilized, it can grow.
- Managing the tensions of use: Navigate points of contention through creating inclusive spaces for dialogue, as well as capacity-building for the actors and institutions involved.
- Sub-national level: Collaborate with government administration at sub-national levels where possible, leveraging their resources, capacities, and networks.
- Re-balance markets: Encourage a more diverse mix of agricultural production that entails strong actions to strengthen local food production and territorial food system resilience while supplementing with high-value crops for export.
For more information and resources see Chapter 4.2
Tools and solutions for implementation and mainstreaming
Interventions in this area focus on tools and solutions that reduce inequities in the food system, promote sustainable, healthy diets and consumption, and foster knowledge co-creation and exchange. It touches on aspects of access and control over resources, inclusion of underrepresented actors in decision-making, co-creating and sharing knowledge, and the linkages between gender, diets, food environment and biodiversity. These interventions, as well as their contributions to GBF targets and alignment with the agroecological principles, include:
Ensuring equitable access and rights to resources
- Strengthen fair access and local control over food production resources, such as water, soil, and land, and identify and address other power imbalances within the food system.
- Recognize land tenure and rights to territories, waters, genetic resources, and other productive resources, drawing on collective rights instruments.
- Design and apply market and non-market incentives that work for all to accelerate the transition to agroecological practices.
- Recognize and promote strong local governance of food systems to strengthen community food sovereignty and harness co-benefits for biodiversity and for people.
GBF Targets ㉒ and Agroecology Principles ⑩ ⑫ ⑬
GBF Targets
- T22. Ensure Participation in Decision-Making and Access to Justice and Information Related to Biodiversity for all
Agroecology Principles
- 10. Fairness
- 12. Land and natural resource governance
- 13. Participation
Including and empowering underrepresented actors
- Enshrine the principle of free prior and informed consent (FPIC) in all engagement with Indigenous Peoples and local communities.
- Establish safeguards and legal recourse mechanisms to ensure the safety and protection of biodiversity defenders and local communities.
- Recognize intergenerationality and include youth in the agrifood sector, dedicating funding for inclusive innovations along the value chain, and providing support for intergenerational knowledge exchange on biodiversity and agroecology.
- Host national and sub-national stakeholder platforms that bring together key actors from government, civil society, research, and donor agencies for coordinated multisector input into policies at all stages.
- Support peoples’ platforms and processes to strengthen policies, and the capacity of civil society organizations to effectively engage in their implementation and monitoring.
- Strengthen labour regulations to better protect agricultural workers’ rights and safety.
GBF Targets ㉑ ㉒ and Agroecology Principles ⑧ ⑩ ⑬
GBF Targets
- T21. Ensure That Knowledge Is Available and Accessible To Guide Biodiversity Action
- T22. Ensure Participation in Decision-Making and Access to Justice and Information Related to Biodiversity for all
Agroecology Principles
- 8. Co-creation of knowledge
- 10. Fairness
- 13. Participation
Recognizing linkages between gender and biodiversity action
- Recognize the role and rights of women in food systems (e.g., in organizing markets) and their extensive knowledge of seed and animal varieties as well as wild and uncultivated food.
- Foster women’s collective action, supporting and strengthening association and cooperatives for agroecological production, as well as stronger inclusion and participation of women in food systems governance platforms.
- Promote women’s empowerment and entrepreneurial opportunities in biodiversity-based value chains.
GBF Targets ㉒ ㉓ and Agroecology Principles ⑨ ⑬
GBF Targets
- T22. Ensure Participation in Decision-Making and Access to Justice and Information Related to Biodiversity for all
- T23. Ensure Gender Equality and a Gender-Responsive Approach for Biodiversity Action
Agroecology Principles
- 9. Social value and diets
- 13. Participation
Integrating actions for biodiversity, diets, and food environments
- Raise attention of the importance of quality food environments for consumers that support local biodiversity and food systems.
- Promote consumption of native, under-utilized, and Indigenous crops and other diverse agroecological products with subsidies, labeling, and public education campaigns.
- Ensure that the most food insecure have access to these diverse agroecological products.
- Implement strict regulations to control business practices that harm biodiversity, such as the use of pesticides and monocultures, while encouraging practices that promote biodiversity, such as sourcing local and diverse food ingredients.
- Harness existing and mobilize new public support and consumer demand for local, biodiverse foods that are rich in nutrients.
GBF Targets ⑩ ⑮ ⑯ and Agroecology Principles ⑤ ⑨ ⑪
GBF Targets
- T10. Enhance biodiversity and sustainability in agriculture, aquaculture, fisheries, and forestry
- T15. Businesses Assess, Disclose and Reduce Biodiversity-Related Risks and Negative Impacts
- T16. Enable Sustainable Consumption Choices To Reduce Waste and Overconsumption
Agroecology Principles
- 5. Biodiversity
- 9. Social value and diets
- 11. Connectivity
Supporting agroecological knowledge, transdisciplinary research, and co-development
- Support participatory research and peer-to-peer knowledge co-creation and sharing to improve the availability and uptake of agroecological and biodiversity-friendly practices.
- Invest in research and development of transdisciplinary, intercultural agroecology in higher education and national research institutions.
- Reform agricultural extension facilities and advisory service systems, promoting and enabling farmer-to-farmer sharing of agroecological practices and knowledge through established co-learning methods.
- Improve recognition and application of biocultural and customary knowledge in biodiversity conservation initiatives related to food systems.
GBF Targets ⑬ ⑳ ㉑ and Agroecology Principles ⑧ ⑬
GBF Targets
- T13. Increase the Sharing of Benefits From Genetic Resources, Digital Sequence Information and Traditional Knowledge
- T20. Strengthen Capacity-Building, Technology Transfer, and Scientific and Technical Cooperation for Biodiversity
- T21. Ensure That Knowledge Is Available and Accessible To Guide Biodiversity Action
Agroecology Principles
- 8. Co-creation of knowledge
- 13. Participation
Raising awareness, information sharing, and communication
- Raise awareness of the benefits of biodiverse agroecology to human and planetary health, including through enhancing communication and education campaigns.
- Include information on biodiversity in consumer labels, nutritional guidelines, and through food assistance programs, food procurement, and food educational programs, to empower consumers to make more informed decisions.
- Recognize diverse forms of evidence that value Indigenous knowledge systems and ways of knowing, including on the environment, biodiversity, and food practices.
- Gather and disseminate evidence from a broad range of stakeholders on the transformative potential of agroecology, boosting its legitimacy to decision makers.
GBF Targets ㉑ and Agroecology Principles ⑧ ⑬
GBF Targets
- T21. Ensure That Knowledge Is Available and Accessible To Guide Biodiversity Action
Agroecology Principles
- 8. Co-creation of knowledge
- 13. Participation
Additionally, interventions should look at:
- Meaningful engagement and funding: Consider long-term funding strategies to enable meaningful participation and engagement of rights and knowledge holders in food system design and monitoring.
- Food sovereignty: Develop a vision and approach for food sovereignty in territories, including by supporting local producers’ rights and supporting local markets.
For more information and resources see Chapter 4.3
MEANS OF IMPLEMENTATION
Policies
Policies support the implementation of NBSAPs and an enabling environment for agroecology. They can be catalytic for driving transformation, guiding decision-making, moving resources and institutional structures, mobilizing actors, and establishing standards and expectations.
Policies contribute to GBF Targets ⑭ ⑮ ⑱ ⑲ ㉒
- T14. Integrate Biodiversity in Decision-Making at Every Level
- T15. Businesses Assess, Disclose and Reduce Biodiversity-Related Risks and Negative Impacts
- T18. Reduce Harmful Incentives by at Least $500 Billion per Year, and Scale Up Positive Incentives for Biodiversity
- T19. Mobilize $200 Billion per Year for Biodiversity From all Sources, Including $30 Billion Through International Finance
- T22. Ensure Participation in Decision-Making and Access to Justice and Information Related to Biodiversity for all
Policies should be:
- Transformative
Aim for profound and systemic changes, fostering a paradigm shift in food systems that prioritize biodiversity conservation alongside other societal goals. - Systemic
Focus on inter-ministerial collaboration, extending beyond traditional agricultural and environmental domains, including relevant sectors, notably the finance sector. - Aligned
Align with binding and non-binding international commitments to reinforce and enhance policy coherence, including other national-level implementation plans. - Politically attuned
Attend to and secure political buy-in and align with political processes, as success lies as much in policy as in politics.
For more information and resources see Chapter 5.1
Finance
Financing biodiversity is challenging both in terms of finding the resources necessary for the magnitude of changes needed to halt and reverse biodiversity loss, as well as reorienting the existing financial architecture to serve these goals. Transformative financing for biodiversity and agroecology must not only increase funding flows but also address issues of justice, historical legacies, and ecological debt.
Finance contributes to GBF Targets ⑭ ⑮ ⑱ ⑲
- T14. Integrate Biodiversity in Decision-Making at Every Level
- T15. Businesses Assess, Disclose and Reduce Biodiversity-Related Risks and Negative Impacts
- T18. Reduce Harmful Incentives by at Least $500 Billion per Year, and Scale Up Positive Incentives for Biodiversity
- T19. Mobilize $200 Billion per Year for Biodiversity From all Sources, Including $30 Billion Through International Finance
Finance should be:
- Increased
Work across the existing finance ecosystem to catalyze new investments and shift from incremental investments to more transformative, long-term investment. Explore other sources of funding, such as climate and development finance that can be aligned with agroecology and biodiversity goals. - Incentivized
Reorient and repurpose subsidies, incentivize the private sector, particularly small and medium enterprises (SMEs), to play a pivotal role in this transition and use philanthropic investments grants, which can be catalytic if aligned to unlock private investment and repurpose public funding. - Flexible
Remain flexible to changing conditions on the ground and the dynamic nature of agroecology, as financial institutions are more and more aware of the risks of biodiversity loss in their investments. - Grounded
Ensure appropriate financing means by directing funds to where they are most needed and effective, including through non-market approaches that strengthen collective action and directly reach women, family farmers, Indigenous Peoples and local communities.
For more information and resources see Chapter 5.2
Capacity
Capacity for designing, implementing, and monitoring NBSAPs is linked to strong institutions, skilled personnel, and the necessary tools and methodologies to plan and execute comprehensive biodiversity strategies. The GBF proposes a long-term strategic framework for capacity-building and development, though capacity for engaging with agroecology entails an even more strongly considerable shift from conventional to systems thinking.
Capacity contributes to GBF Targets ⑩ ⑬ ⑳ ㉑ ㉒
- T10. Enhance biodiversity and sustainability in agriculture, aquaculture, fisheries, and forestry
- T13. Increase the Sharing of Benefits From Genetic Resources, Digital Sequence Information and Traditional Knowledge
- T20. Strengthen Capacity-Building, Technology Transfer, and Scientific and Technical Cooperation for Biodiversity
- T21. Ensure That Knowledge Is Available and Accessible To Guide Biodiversity Action
- T22. Ensure Participation in Decision-Making and Access to Justice and Information Related to Biodiversity for all
Capacity should be:
- Strengthened
Provide adequate funding to ensure that institutions have the means to train staff, develop and deploy necessary technologies, conduct research, and engage with stakeholders on agroecology. - Informed
Support data-gathering, research, and assessment on agroecology. Existing robust tools to measure agroecological progress can support this, namely the Agroecology Assessment Framework developed under the aegis of the Agroecology Coalition and anchored on the 13 HLPE principles. - Collaborative
Retool national agriculture extension services to facilitate horizontal knowledge-sharing and co-creation among diverse stakeholders. Foster active involvement from governments, civil society, and educational institutions and promote shared learning and co-creation.
For more information and resources see Chapter 5.3
Governance
Governance sets out the decision-making process and structures that can support agroecological transformation. It involves both the design of “who sits at the decision table,” the process by which they collaborate, as well as how to manage pressures that can undermine bold, ambitious actions. The goal is to avoid contradictory and conflicting policies, maximize resource efficiency, and strengthen policy impacts.
Governance contributes to GBF Targets ⑭ ⑮ ⑯ ⑰ ⑱ ⑲ ㉒ ㉓
- T14. Integrate Biodiversity in Decision-Making at Every Level
- T15. Businesses Assess, Disclose and Reduce Biodiversity-Related Risks and Negative Impacts
- T16. Enable Sustainable Consumption Choices To Reduce Waste and Overconsumption
- T17. Strengthen Biosafety and Distribute the Benefits of Biotechnology
- T18. Reduce Harmful Incentives by at Least $500 Billion per Year, and Scale Up Positive Incentives for Biodiversity
- T19. Mobilize $200 Billion per Year for Biodiversity From all Sources, Including $30 Billion Through International Finance
- T22. Ensure Participation in Decision-Making and Access to Justice and Information Related to Biodiversity for all
- T23. Ensure Gender Equality and a Gender-Responsive Approach for Biodiversity Action
Governance should be:
- Coordinated
Take a whole-of-government approach to agroecology by ensuring coherence and alignment among various branches and levels of government, their policy areas, and strategies. - Inclusive
Mobilize existing or newly established coordination mechanisms that comprehensively scope the themes of agroecology and include the diversity of actors needed for successful and equitable NBSAP implementation. - Appropriate
Determine the most impactful scale and timing for actioning agroecological considerations by engaging with different levels of government — including provincial, municipal, and Indigenous authorities — and aligning associated bioregions and biocultural protocols.
For more information and resources see Chapter 5.4
Monitoring
Monitoring involves three components: 1) adapting NBSAP national indicators to be relevant to agroecology, ensuring they consistently reflect elements and principles of agroecology; 2) aligning these national indicators on agroecology with the GBF headline and component indicators (i.e., showing how they contribute to GBF indicators); and 3) setting up an ongoing, inclusive monitoring, evaluation, and learning process with clear modalities to ensure continuous improvement and stakeholder engagement.
Monitoring contributes to GBF Targets ⑭ ⑮ ⑳ ㉑ ㉒
- T14. Integrate Biodiversity in Decision-Making at Every Level
- T15. Businesses Assess, Disclose and Reduce Biodiversity-Related Risks and Negative Impacts
- T20. Strengthen Capacity-Building, Technology Transfer, and Scientific and Technical Cooperation for Biodiversity
- T21. Ensure That Knowledge Is Available and Accessible To Guide Biodiversity Action
- T22. Ensure Participation in Decision-Making and Access to Justice and Information Related to Biodiversity for all
Monitoring should be:
- Achievable
Develop or adopt indicators that ensure achievable measurement and transparent reporting. Consider how operationalization and data collection can be applied at scales that directly inform effective decision-making or action for landscape biodiversity and ecosystems. - Adaptable
Tailor approaches and indicators to the sub-national and local levels, and seek the guidance of Indigenous Peoples and local communities, which ensures that data reflects local and territorial circumstances, considering adjustments based on feedback and emerging data. - Accountable
Emphasize accountability in monitoring and evaluation processes that reinforce the transparency, credibility, and effectiveness of monitoring of agroecology elements and principles, e.g., through supporting community-based monitoring and information systems.
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